Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, provincial-level administrative region in northwestern China, bordered by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north, Shaanxi province to the east, and Gansu province to the south and west. The region is one of China’s smallest provincial-level administrative units. autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in northern China and bounded on the west by Kansu, on the north by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Yin-ch'uan, its chief city, was captured by Genghis Khan early in the 13th century and remained a tributary to China. After this conquest it was named Ningsia. In 1914 the area became a part of the province of Kansu, and in 1928 it was constituted as the province of Ningsia.

Ningxia has an agricultural economy based on rice, wheat, and a variety of fruits and vegetables grown throughout the Ningxia plain. Ningxia farms supply sugar beets to the region’s sugar refineries. Sheep and other animals are herded and wool is used for the production of woolen goods. Ningxia has extensive mineral resources, with vast reserves of coal and high-grade gypsum.

Major industrial towns are Shizuishan, Yinchuan and Tianshuibu.

Area 23,000 square miles (60,000 square km); population 5,620,000.

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