Shandong, also Shantung, province, located in North China, on the gulf of Bo Hai and the Yellow Sea, across from the Liaodong Peninsula. It includes the Shandong Peninsula in the east.bounded by the provinces of Hopeh to the north and west, Honan to the southwest, and Anhwei and Kiangsu to the south.

Shengli petroleum fields in the north and extensive coal deposits at Zibo (Tzu-po), Boshan, and Zaozhuang. Jinan, the capital, and Qingdao (Tsingtao) and Zibo municipality are major urban areas.Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), Shantung had become a centre of political and military activity. One of the small southern Shantung states was Lu, the birthplace of Confucius and Mencius.

Shantung has a diversified agricultural and industrial economy. The leading food crops are wheat, soybeans, kaoliang (sorghum), spiked millet, corn (maize), and sweet potatoes. The major cash crops are cotton, tobacco, peanuts (groundnuts), and fruit.

Major industrial towns are Jinan, Zibo, Dezhou, Tai'an, Jining, Tengxian, Heze, Zaozhuang, Rizhao, Jiaonan, Weifang, Shouguang, Dongying, Longkou, Liaocheng, Wendeng and Laiyang.

Area 153,300 sq km (59,200 sq mi); population 90,790,000.

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