Goa, state in western India, formerly part of Portuguese India, bordered on the north by Maharashtra state, on the west by the Arabian Sea, and on the south and east by Karnataka state. Goa is India's smallest state.The capital is Panaji.

Goa consists of 62 miles (100 km) of coastline, extends 40 miles (64 km) inland, and also includes the offshore island of Goa. Its chief cities are Panaji.Goa is situated on the Malabar Coast and has sandy beaches and a tropical climate. Inland, Goa becomes hilly, stretching to part of the Western Ghats.

Goa is predominantly agricultural. Rice is the main crop, and coconuts, mangoes, and cashew nuts are also grown. Fishing is important, and iron ore and manganese are mined, processed.Chief products are rice, cashew and betel nuts, coconuts, mangoes, teak, blackwood, bamboo, and fish. Industries include manganese mining, salt drying, and sugar milling.

Major industrial town is panaji.

Area 1,429 square miles (3,702 square km). Pop. (1991) 1,168,622.

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